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新手上色十步驟Painting Primer

Prime · Basecoat · Shade · Layer · Detail
戰錘一半的樂趣在上色。本頁從組裝到保護漆,以十步驟完成一隻「戰場標準」的步兵。不追求大師級,目標是讓模型上桌看起來有精神、也讓你不會卡在「不敢下筆」。 Half the hobby is painting. This page walks through the 10 steps from assembly to varnish for a "battle-ready" infantry model. The goal isn't Golden Demon level — it's a clean, tabletop-presentable miniature that actually gets finished.

起手工具清單Starter Toolkit

剪鉗Clippers
剪模型灌道,尖嘴薄刃款。
Sprue cutters, thin-blade type.
美工刀Hobby Knife
削模線,備用刀片 5+。
For mold lines; stock 5+ spare blades.
模型膠Plastic Glue
GW 塑膠膠水 或同級品。
GW Plastic Glue or similar.
底漆噴罐Primer Spray
黑/白/灰,混沌 黑色 最萬用。
Black/white/grey; Chaos Black is universal.
3~5 支畫筆3–5 Brushes
基底 #2、上色 #1、細節 #0,合成毛即可。
Base #2, Layer #1, Detail #0 — synthetic is fine.
濕調色盤Wet Palette
自製:海綿 + 烘焙紙。壽命 × 5。
DIY: sponge + parchment paper. Extends paint life 5×.
壓克力顏料Acrylic Paints
GW 城堡、Vallejo、軍團畫師 皆可。
GW Citadel, Vallejo, or Army Painter all work.
漬洗劑Shade/Wash
紐恩油 / Agrax Earthshade 是萬用起手。
Nuln Oil & Agrax Earthshade are universal starters.
透明保護漆Varnish
霧面噴罐,遊戲用必備。
Matte spray — essential for gaming pieces.
底座素材Basing Material
沙土、草粉、石材膏。
Sand, static grass, textured paste.

十步驟完整流程The 10-Step Workflow

1
組裝與清模線Assembly & Mold Lines
45 min
SPRUE → CLEAN → GLUE
沿灌道線把零件剪下,用美工刀刮掉模具邊線。Clip from sprue, scrape mold lines with hobby knife.

按說明書順序黏合。黏合點塗薄薄一層即可,多了會從縫隙擠出。

Follow the instruction sheet order. Apply a thin layer of glue — excess squeezes out of seams.

  • 先試組確認契合
  • Dry-fit first to confirm alignment
  • 模具線用刀背刮(不是切)
  • Scrape mold lines with the back of the blade
  • 底座最後再黏,先畫人再上底座比較輕鬆
  • Don't glue to base yet — painting first is easier
踩雷Pitfall: 超級膠不要用在塑膠模型,會霧化。用專用塑膠膠。Don't use superglue on plastic — it frosts. Use plastic cement.
2
打底Priming
15 min + dry
BEFOREPRIMED
塑膠 → 統一黑底,顏料才抓得住。Plastic → uniform black; paint bonds properly.

距離模型 15~20 公分薄薄多層噴。溫度 15~25°C、濕度 < 70% 最理想。

Spray in thin layers from 15–20 cm. Ideal conditions: 15–25°C, humidity < 70%.

  • 黑底:所有細節陰影已在位,快
  • Black: all shadows pre-placed, fast workflow
  • 白底:顏色鮮艷,適合亮色系軍
  • White: vivid colors, good for bright schemes
  • 灰底:中庸,最容易疊亮也疊暗
  • Grey: neutral middle ground
  • 頂光噴塗:黑底再從上方薄噴白 → 自動陰影
  • Zenithal: black base + light spray of white from above — instant shading
踩雷Pitfall: 冷天或高濕度會「白霜」(結晶)。寧可延期也不要硬噴。Cold/humid weather causes frosting. Reschedule — don't force it.
3
底色Basecoat
60–90 min
FLAT BLOCK COLORS
每塊區域塗平面底色,不擔心整齊度。Block in flat colors per area, neatness not yet critical.

從大到小、從內到外。甲冑先、布料次之、金屬最後。每種顏色分 2 層薄塗(太厚會蓋住細節)。

Largest to smallest, inside to outside. Armor first, cloth next, metals last. Two thin coats per color (thick paint buries detail).

  • 用濕調色盤把顏料稀釋到「牛奶」稠度
  • Thin paints on a wet palette to milk consistency
  • 畫筆尖沾後在紙上試筆,避免顏料積在筆根
  • Tip-load the brush, test on paper to avoid heel-loading
踩雷Pitfall: 「一層就蓋過」通常是顏料太濃。寧可 3 薄層也不要 1 厚層。"One thick coat" buries detail. Three thin coats beat one thick coat.
4
漬洗(漬洗 / 沖洗)Shade / Wash
20 min + dry
BEFOREWASHED
稀釋深色流入凹陷 → 自動陰影。Dark thin paint flows into recesses → instant shadow.

漬洗劑是稀釋過的深色液體,自動積在凹縫創造陰影。幾乎是「作弊」般的上色神器。

Shades are pre-thinned dark pigments that pool in recesses — near-cheat-tier shadow creation.

  • 紐恩油:黑色,萬用陰影
  • Nuln Oil: black, universal shading
  • Agrax Earthshade:暖棕,皮革/木紋/金屬
  • Agrax Earthshade: warm brown, leather/wood/metals
  • 萊克蘭膚色洗漆:膚色與布料
  • Reikland Fleshshade: skin & cloth tones
踩雷Pitfall: 積水成「淚痕」:若表面平坦區積多餘液體,用乾筆吸走再乾燥。"Tide marks" form if pools dry on flat areas — wick with a dry brush before it sets.
5
疊色Layer Highlights
60 min
DARK → MID → LIGHT
用較亮顏色疊在凸起處,模擬光線方向。Lighter tones on raised areas simulate overhead light.

在底色上疊一層較亮色(通常是基色 + 白 ≈ 10%)。只塗凸起部分,保留凹陷的漬洗。

Apply a slightly lighter color (base + ~10% white) to raised surfaces — keep the shaded recesses intact.

  • 通常 2 層高光足夠:中亮色 + 更亮色
  • Two highlight layers usually suffice: mid + bright
  • 越亮的顏色覆蓋面積越小
  • Brighter layer = smaller coverage area
6
乾刷Drybrush
15 min
NEARLY-DRY BRUSH
筆刷沾淺色擦乾後輕掃 → 只上凸起邊緣。Wipe brush nearly dry, drag across raised edges.

疊色的快速版。適合大面積紋理(鎖子甲、毛皮、岩石),不適合細部平面。

Highlighting's quick cousin. Great for texture-heavy areas (chain mail, fur, rock); less suited to smooth surfaces.

  • 用舊的硬毛筆,新筆會被磨損
  • Use an old stiff-bristle brush; new brushes get ruined
  • 紙巾吸到幾乎看不到顏料才下筆
  • Wipe on paper until barely any paint transfers
7
邊緣高光Edge Highlight
30–45 min
EDGES ONLY
硬邊緣薄細線高光,大幅提升清晰度。Sharp 1-pixel line along hard edges — massive definition boost.

戰錘模型的招牌技法。用最細畫筆(#0 或 #00)沿盔甲折線畫薄線。最花時間但效果最震撼。

The signature 40K technique. Use your finest brush (#0 or #00) to paint thin lines along armor edges. Time-consuming but transformative.

  • 顏料稀到水樣,筆尖沾極少
  • Thin paint to water-like; load just the tip
  • 手抖?支撐小指在底座邊
  • Shaky hands? Rest your pinky on the base
踩雷Pitfall: 新手常高光太粗。線條寬度 < 0.3mm 才俐落。New painters make lines too thick. Keep < 0.3mm for crispness.
8
細節Details
30 min
EYES · GEMS · METALS
紅眼、寶石漸層、金屬邊高光三大招。Glowing eyes, gem gradients, metallic edges.
  • 眼睛:黑 → 紅/綠 → 頭尾各點一個白
  • Eyes: black → red/green → tiny white dot
  • 寶石:深 → 基 → 亮,底部留深、頂部反光點白
  • Gems: dark → base → bright; dark bottom, white sparkle on top
  • 金屬:Leadbelcher 底 + Nuln Oil 漬洗 + Runefang Steel 邊緣
  • Metals: Leadbelcher → Nuln Oil → Runefang Steel edges
9
底座Basing
20 min + dry
TEXTURE · PAINT · GRASS
模型站的那片世界,是氛圍的 30%。The ground your mini stands on carries 30% of the vibe.

最簡單配方:PVA 膠 + 細沙 → 乾後塗黑底 → 乾刷灰 + 白 → 黏幾撮草粉。

Simplest recipe: PVA glue + fine sand → paint black → drybrush grey + white → tuft of static grass.

  • 底座風格要統一
  • Keep a unified scheme across the army
  • 邊緣塗黑(或同色)讓模型「完成感」
  • Rim the base edge (black or matching color) — huge "finished" feel
10
保護漆Varnish
10 min + dry
MATTE SHIELD
霧面噴漆保護模型免於手汗、磨損。A matte spray shield against oil, chipping, and rub-off.

遊戲用模型必做。霧面噴漆遠距薄噴 2 層。亮面會讓細節「塑膠感」太重,一般不推薦。

Non-negotiable for gaming pieces. 2 thin layers of matte spray, from a distance. Gloss makes minis look plasticky — usually avoid.

踩雷Pitfall: 同樣怕冷濕!保護漆「白霜」比底漆還難救。Same cold/humid warning as priming — varnish frosting is harder to recover than primer frosting.

三個完成度層級Three Completion Levels

戰場標準Battle-Ready
Official GW term
可上桌的最低標準。模型該色上完、底座有處理。
The tournament-legal minimum. All models have basecoat + base.
做步驟 1–4 + 9 + 10Steps 1–4 + 9 + 10
桌面標準Tabletop Quality
Club painting league tier
中階程度。加上基礎高光與細節處理,桌上好看。
Solid hobby league standard. Highlighting + details make them pop at arm's length.
全部 10 步All 10 steps
閱兵級Parade Ready
Display / showcase level
進階技法:NMM、OSL、自由繪。單隻 10+ 小時。
Advanced techniques: NMM, OSL, freehand. 10+ hours per mini.
全部 10 步 + 進階疊色All 10 steps + advanced layering
現實期望值Realistic expectations: 第一支單位你會覺得很糟、第十支你會覺得第一支很糟。這很正常。先把 10 個模型「全部完成」到戰場標準,再來挑戰一個「桌面級」。成就感來自完成,不來自完美。Your first model will look rough; by the tenth, your first will look even worse. Normal. Finish ten at Battle-Ready before chasing one at Tabletop — satisfaction comes from completion, not perfection.
進階資源Further learning: 推薦免費 YouTube 頻道:鄧肯·羅德斯 塗裝學院(前 GW 教學首席)、Vince Venturella(進階技法)、Squidmar 模型(大師級展示)。Free YouTube recommendations: Duncan Rhodes Painting Academy (ex-GW tutor), Vince Venturella (advanced technique), Squidmar Miniatures (showcase tier).